Wednesday 29 February 2012

#59 Alive for everything

 
            “Our intelligence and dignity themselves are developed by our being alive for everything, including the mundane anguish of our lives. Just our awareness of our sensations, of our experience, with no object or idea in mind, is the practice of not preferring any particular state of mind. Intimacy with our activity and the objects around us connects us deeply to our lives. This connection – to the earth, our bodies, our sense impressions, our creative energies, our feelings, other people – is the only way I know of to alleviate suffering. To me, our awareness of these things without preference is a meditation that synchronizes body and mind. This synchronization, the experience of deep integrity, of being all of a piece, is a very deep healing. It is unconventional to value such a subtle experience. It is not encouraged in our culture. We’re much more apt to strive to feel special, uniquely talented, particularly loved. It’s extraordinary to be willing to live an ordinary life, to be fully alive for the laundry, to be present for the dishes. We overlook these everyday connections to our lives, waiting for the Big Event.”                                                   D Cohen

Photo: Aleek Manush   www.dpreview.com



Tuesday 28 February 2012

#58 Wise behavior

     In today’s complex global village, we’re finally realizing that we’re each intimately interconnected and interdependent with every other human being, living creature, and ecosystem.
     How long will the human race survive if we continue to use financial, political, tribal, racial, ethnic, color, religious, sexual, & endless other excuses for reptilian self-serving behavior? Neither human civilization nor nature can endure this. It’s either evolve and cooperate – start respecting other human beings (allocentric) and the environment (ecocentric) – or perish.
     Each of us as individuals has thousands of choices each day between being mindlessly egocentric vs fully engaged with humanity, the environment, and life itself. All the alarm bells are ringing - we must live up to our full potential now.
     One definition of wisdom is “the application of intelligence, creativity, and knowledge as mediated by values toward the achievement of a common good through a balance among (a) intrapersonal, (b) interpersonal, and (c) extrapersonal interests, over the (a) short- and (b) long-terms, in order to achieve a balance among (a) adaptation to existing environments, (b) shaping of existing environments, and (c) selection of new environments.”


        Sternberg RJ, Reznitskaya A, Jarvin L. Teaching for wisdom: what matters is not just what students know, but how they use it. London Review of Education 2007; 5(2): 143-58.

Photo: Brigitte Lorenz http://www.brigittelorenz-photography.com/3/Artist.asp?ArtistID=15152&AKey=9a679dkq

Monday 27 February 2012

#57 Choiceless awareness


     "You can think of it as simply being receptive to whatever unfolds in each moment. Simple as it may sound, practicing in this way requires very strong calmness and attentiveness, qualities that are best cultivated ... by choosing one object, most commonly the breath, and working with it over a period of months and even years. For this reason some people might benefit most by staying with the breath and a sense of the body as a whole in the early stages of their meditation practice…” 
         Kabat-Zinn J. “Full catastrophe living. Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness”. Dell Publishing, NY, 1990.

     “A great sense of tranquility comes when we let go of the futile urge to control everything, and instead relate to each moment with openness and awareness.”                             J. Goldstein & J. Kornfield

Photo: mefnj   www.dpreview.com
 

Sunday 26 February 2012

#56 Pain and suffering


     Mindfulness has been shown to be very effective in relieving suffering. 
       Grossman P et al. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits. A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2004; 57(1): 35-43.
 
     “But the amazing thing, which you can find out only by practicing mindfulness fairly regularly over time, is that paying attention in a particular way to the very sensations, emotions, and thoughts that together constitute the experience of pain – in the present moment and nonjudgmentally as possible (which may be very judgmental a good deal of the time) – actually has within it the seeds of freedom from suffering. This is totally counterintuitive I know; nonetheless, it seems to be the case ...
     Approaching the pain itself, wherever it is most prominent in the body, with bare attention, open-heartedness, and alert interest even for very brief moments, if that is all that we can muster in any moment, can be profoundly healing, restorative, and illuminating. And if practiced over days, weeks, and months, potentially it can make a difference in the quality of your life for years and years going forward. What we are talking about is really befriending your experience at the level of the body and at the level of the mind and heart, and seeing what unfolds.”       Jon Kabat-Zinn
     Gardner-Nix, J. “The mindfulness solution to pain. Step-by-step techniques for chronic pain management.” New Harbinger Publications Inc, Oakland CA, 2009.

Steven D. Hickman PsyD on Chronic Illness (Pt 2 of 5)

Saturday 25 February 2012

#55 Coming home to our depth


     “If we’re not at home with the depth of our feelings, we’re likely to skirt the deep feelings of others. Do we love ourselves / others only when we / they are feeling fine?”
     “Don’t we often try to secure happiness by fortifying ourselves against imperfection?"
        Barasch MI. The Compassionate Life: Walking the Path of Kindness. Berrett-Koehler, 2009.

There is “… a longing for ways of speaking of the human experience of depth, meaning, mystery, moral purpose, transcendence, wholeness, intuition, vulnerability, tenderness, courage, the capacity to love … it arises from the hunger for authenticity, for correspondence between one’s inner and outer lives. … there is a desire to break through into a more spacious and nourishing conception of the common life we all share. … trust, loyalty, and connection, find place and resonance."
Parks SD. Big questions, worthy dreams. Mentoring young adults in their search for meaning, purpose, and faith. John Wiley & Sons, San Francisco, 2000.


Compassion video & music




Friday 24 February 2012

#54 Staying with discomfort?

     As you've no doubt already discovered, mindfulness holds many surprises. Perhaps the fundamental paradox is that mindfulness practice involves intentionally APPROACHING and STAYING WITH challenging situations, thoughts and feelings. This very same principle is also employed by psychologists to help people deal with phobias eg fear of flying. Directly facing and letting go of fears is essential if one is to directly face and best deal with reality.
     We're conditioned to interpret pain to mean physical injury, that disability or even death is imminent. Our society is so averse to pain, that we even try to avoid discomfort. But the fact is, avoidance does not work. Only directly facing and letting go of our fears works.

     “Meditation is not for the faint-hearted, nor for those who routinely avoid the whispered longings of their own hearts. It is for individuals interested in the adventure and challenges of self-exploration and transformation, for those who wish to taste and explore new ways of knowing and new ways of being - not someone else's, but one's own moment-to-moment experience.”                               Jon Kabat-Zinn & Saki Santorelli

     “Living never wore one out so much as the effort not to live.”                  Anais Nin

Photo: Andre Gallant   http://www.andregallant.com/

Thursday 23 February 2012

#53 Congruent behavior


     “doing the right thing manifests in mature people not in spite of, but because of who they are as persons — because of their identity. Individuals act the way they do because of the nature of their most fundamental identifications. Identifications most often concern furthering one’s self-interests, which seem to out-compete other motives (such as concern for the plight of others) in contemporary society. But … for the fully developed, moral actions are motivated by a kind of enlightened self-interest. This paradox-busting point renders the distinction between self-interest and morality a false dichotomy.” 

     “Most people understand morality as concerns that are quite distinct from personal matters; this much is well established. But to extend this observation to contend that individuals should understand the two to be fundamentally different is to commit the naturalistic fallacy. When maturity is achieved, morality can and should become a sensitized concern for the way one’s choices impact upon one’s social and ecological environments. … choices become subtly but almost ubiquitously informed by moral convictions, and the satisfaction of one is contingent on the satisfaction of the other.”
     “… integration of agency and communion (is) an adaptive goal for adolescent and adult development …”
     Frimer JA, Walker LJ. “Reconciling the self and morality: an empirical model of moral centrality development.” Dev Psychol 2009; 45(6): 1669-81.



Artist: Mark Brennan   http://www.argylefa.tk/

Wednesday 22 February 2012

#52 Why we train


     It’s useful to recall why we initially began mindfulness training. Most of us wished to fundamentally improve our quality of life – decrease suffering and increase real happiness – not just for ourselves, but also for our loved ones, and those with whom we work. This also happens to be the basic oath or calling of all healers throughout time. 

     And aren't we all called to help heal our lives and our world?


Jon Kabat-Zinn PhD on "Coming to Our Senses"

Tuesday 21 February 2012

#51 Observer Self


     “I began my own novice’s exploration … and discovered a mother lode of esoteric writings by sages, holy seekers, wise men and women, who emphasized meditative and contemplative techniques as a means of coming to know their Self. (‘Esoteric’ here means not exotic or far out, but derives from the Greek esotero, which means ‘further in.’) Though they used different words, all the esoteric traditions within the major religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity, Judaism, Islam – emphasized their same core belief: we are sparks of the eternal flame, manifestations of the absolute ground of being. It turns out that the divine within – what the Christians call the soul or Christ Consciousness, Buddhists call Buddha Nature, the Hindus Atman, the Taoists Tao, the Sufis the Beloved, the Quakers the Inner Light – often doesn’t take years of meditative practice to access because it exists in all of us, just below the surface of our extreme parts."
     The Larger Self by Richard Schwartz PhD 
         http://www.selfleadership.org/about/theLargerSelf


Photo: ema-art   www.dpreview.com


Monday 20 February 2012

#50 Growth zone


      “The gem cannot be polished without friction, nor man perfected without trials.”          Chinese proverb
 
     “Growing beings require shelter in inverse proportion to their age or maturity. The world of the very young is made simpler and safer in various ways, and these buffers are only gradually removed as the growing child becomes both ready for, and in need of, greater complexity and challenge. ‘Frustration,’ Freud once noted; ‘is the motor of human development,’ but of course this does not mean that we expose people to as much frustration as we can as fast as possible. There is, to adapt the famous phrase from Vygotsky, a zone of proximal frustration (which if adequately proximal, will be experienced not as frustration at all, but as enrichment).”
     Higgins C. Human conditions for teaching: The place of pedagogy in Arendt's Vita Activa. Teachers College Record 2010; 112(2): 407-445.

     “Learning takes place at the point of tension between credulous appreciation and wary dismissal. We are all pretty good at the two extremes: yes / no, like / dislike, agree / disagree, accept / reject. Exploration and discovery, however, call for an abandonment of this + / - dichotomy and an occupation of the open middle ground. … ‘being able to preserve one’s orientation toward openness.’”     G. Wallis

Photo: David A. Lovas
 

Sunday 19 February 2012

#49 Reality - Optimal Pacing vs Avoidance

     Some of us avoid newscasts because it's mostly bad news; many of us avoid keeping tabs on how much we can afford to spend; and most of us take great pains to avoid thinking of our own mortality. We'll deal with these ... "when the time comes." Our culture places a very high priority on avoiding discomfort now, pretty much as if there were no tomorrow (personal & national debt crises, climate change etc). We tend to postpone dealing with life's challenging realities. Gradual exposure is necessary and adaptive, however, avoidant behaviour is problematic.
      “early, familial life narrows and heavily mediates the world for the child without ever being completely impermeable ... adult life, too, still requires powerful forms of insulation from the demands of worldliness. Some have more stomach for complexity and difficulty than others, but all of us have myriad ways of simplifying and sweetening reality. Adult life is never perfectly worldly: at best, it amounts to an ongoing increase in our understanding of how to remove various sorts of blinkers 
& filters and in our capacity to tolerate their removal.”
        Higgins C. Human conditions for teaching: The place of pedagogy in Arendt's Vita Activa. Teachers College Record 2010; 112(2): 407-445.


     Identity style theory suggests that people who prefer to use a diffuse-avoidant identity style are ‘‘reluctant to face up to and confront personal problems & decisions’’. This has been found to predict problematic qualities (eg neuroticism), coping & decisional strategies (e.g., disengagement), and mental health outcomes (eg depression).

        Beaumont SL. Identity styles and wisdom during emerging adulthood: Relationships with mindfulness and savoring. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research 2011; 11(2): 155-180.


 
Painting: Mark Brennan at: www.argylefineart.com

 

Saturday 18 February 2012

#48 Engagement

     As we grow older, we increasingly encounter the complex real-life existential challenges of constant change, aging, sickness and death. We're repeatedly forced to choose our response: some form of avoidance (shutting down) - OR - full engagement (opening up).
     Avoidance behaviours are very common, easy, and lead to psychological difficulties. Engaging with reality is uncommon, challenging, and leads to a peaceful, deeply satisfying life.
     A major component of mindfulness training is noticing and accepting our own cognitive, emotional and physical resistance (avoidance) to even simple projects eg sitting still for 5 minutes. Under the laboratory-like conditions of this training, we learn experientially that it's our resistance, not discomfort, that causes most of our suffering. Acceptance of temporary discomfort, not judging it negatively, but developing a scientific curiosity about its changing characteristics, and persisting in the activity (eg sitting still for 5 minutes) becomes progressively easier, and more peaceful.
     Through mindfulness we learn to remain fully engaged, with valued current action, despite discomfort, (initially) to achieve long-term valued goals. With practice, the present moment expands, we learn to rest in the process, yet quietly, goals also are met. Mindfulness appears to be a training in full (mind-heart-body) engagement - wholeness - itself.

Photo Sonia   www.dpreview.com

Friday 17 February 2012

#47 Towards a quiet ego

     “many phenomena of interest to positive psychology share a common feature that involves a particular pattern of self-relevant cognitive activity. This hypo-egoic state is responsible both for the sense of well-being that tends to accompany many positive psychological experiences (such as flow, meditation, and transcendence) and for prosocial beliefs and actions in which people behave in ways that benefit other people, sometimes at cost to themselves.”

       Leary MR, Guadagno J. "The role of hypo-egoic self-processes in optimal functioning and subjective well-being." in: Sheldon KM, Kashdan TB, Steger MF. eds. "Designing positive psychology: Taking stock and moving forward." Oxford University Press, NY, 2011.

     “For decades social scientists have observed that Americans are becoming more selfish, headstrong, and callous. Instead of lamenting a cultural slide toward narcissism (there is) comprehensive research on both the problems of egocentrism and ways of transcending it. … theories and research suggest two paths to this transcendence: balancing the needs of self and others in one's everyday life and developing compassion, nondefensive self-awareness, and interdependent self-identity. At the end of these converging paths lies a quiet ego an ego less concerned with self-promotion than with the flourishing of
both the self and others.”

       Wayment HA, Bauer JJ eds. “Transcending Self-Interest: Psychological Explorations of the Quiet Ego.” American Psychological Association, Washington DC, 2008.




Connemara, Ireland

Thursday 16 February 2012

#46 Non-doing

     “Do not confuse motion and progress. 
     A rocking horse keeps moving but does not make any progress.”                   Alfred A. Montapert
 

     “Effortless activity happens at moments in dance and in sports at the highest levels of performance; when it does, it takes everyone’s breath away. But it also happens in every area of human activity, from painting to car repair to parenting. Years of practice and experience combine on some occasions, giving rise to a new capacity to let execution unfold beyond technique, beyond exertion, beyond thinking. Action then becomes a pure expression of art, of being, of letting go of all doing – a merging of mind and body in motion. … magic of true mastery … moments of grace and harmony.
 

     Thoreau said, ‘To affect the quality of the day, that is the highest of arts.’”
 

       Kabat-Zinn J. “Wherever you go, there you are. Mindfulness meditation in everyday life.” Hyperion, NY, 1994.


photodottom   www.dpreview.com



Wednesday 15 February 2012

#45 Shift


     When we start sitting or walking meditation, we're often fused with the contents of our discursive thoughts: plans, worries, to-do lists, regrets. The continuous agitation of obsessively juggling far too many balls can become claustrophobic. 
     Overly busy parents with small children often live this. Their perspective and behaviour, no matter how much they love their children, is heavily influenced by this harried busyness.
     As our meditation continues and deepens, the mental chatter gradually becomes peripheral, and the quality of our awareness changes, and we reside more and more in a central place of stillness, quiet, clarity, spaciousness, generosity.
     Likewise, by the time we become grandparents, we're more likely to embody peace, stability, forbearance, kindness - "grandmotherly love." We see mainly the good in our grandchildren and do whatever we can to nurture their potential to bloom into wonderful adults.

     Our world desperately needs lots of "grandmotherly love" and much less agitated busyness. Regularly practicing meditation helps us to make, and stabilize, this all-important shift in how we relate to each other and the world.

Jon Kabat-Zinn on Compassion

Tuesday 14 February 2012

#44 Rule #1: Full-contact!


     “As long as we are feuding with life’s rules, we will fear the direct contact with reality that is the essence of true growth. We will find mindfulness difficult because it insists on full presence in the moment as it is. We may enlist many outs to protect ourselves: money, sex, alcohol, coffee, food, smoking, drugs, and, of course, the ceaseless movements of our frantic mind itself with all its hopes and fears. When we look deeply into our fears, we see that, at base, every fear is a fear of not having control.” 

     Richo D. “The five things we cannot change … and the happiness we find by embracing them.” Shambhala, Boston, 2005.





Monday 13 February 2012

#43 Engaging inherent capacities


     "I have learned that I can engage people more completely when I treat them as complete people, with a bigger view than my immediate need for their work. ... in the end all leadership is about engagement."
     Stookey CW. Keep Your People in the Boat. Workforce Engagement Lessons from the Sea. Alia Press, Halifax, NS, 2011.

     The most highly skilled facilitators I've encountered “led from behind.” It was almost as if they weren't there, while we in the audience spontaneously discovered our own hidden, dormant skills and capacities. Solution-focused therapy describes this as “collaborative identification & amplification of client strengths.”

     Since many of us grew up under authoritarian, top-down forms of parenting, education and leadership, we're prone to repeat this corrosive style ourselves. 
     It takes time and practice to acquire new parenting, educational and leadership skills, but these promise so much greater efficiency and higher quality of life for all us.

Photo: David A. Lovas

Sunday 12 February 2012

#42 Practicality of heart-mind approach

     "meditation can augment economics courses, where professors often use experiential exercises to teach students about the role of competition in distributing limited resources. According to classical economics, individuals will try to maximize their own profits at the expense of their competitors. But ... if professors first have their students practice a loving-kindness meditation before beginning the exercise, students shift their conduct to consider the needs of others."
     Suttie J. The new science of mind. Shambhala Sun, March 2012. http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=34&Itemid=114

     Self-centered, competitive, adversarial behaviour, though still openly encouraged and applauded in some sectors, in many ways resembles that of a cancer cell. Of course the cancer cell is unaware of, and unconcerned about the big picture. Homo sapiens sapiens should have significantly greater perspective, but for most of us, it's a challenge to maintain. Bernie Madoff is but one recent example of the impact of one individual's lack of wisdom - blindness to the big picture - on the rest of us. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Madoff

     The way in which a single healthy cell relates to a healthy multicellular organism resonates with how Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther King Jr, Mother Teresa, etc related to the world.

     How does my right hand treat my left hand?

Photo: evanrassbcglobalnet    www.dpreview.com

    

Saturday 11 February 2012

#41 Centering


      “As meditation moves us toward wholeness, we rediscover a strong center, an inner store of mental and emotional strength that was once lost to us. Many … use the same word to describe the feeling … empowered. Once we have a sense of center, we can more easily withstand the onslaught of overstimulation, uncertainty, and anxiety … without getting overwhelmed.”

     Salzberg S. “Real happiness – The power of meditation. A 28-day program.” Workman Publishing, NY, 2011.

Photo: davidjcook   www.dpreview.com
 

Friday 10 February 2012

#40 Thoughts are just thoughts


     “My life has been filled with terrible misfortunes – most of which have never happened.”                          Mark Twain

     “It is remarkable how liberating it feels to be able to see that your thoughts are just thoughts and they are not ‘you’ or ‘reality’. For instance, if you have the thought that you have to get a certain number of things done today and you don't recognize it as a thought but act as if it's ‘the truth’, then you have created a reality in that moment in which you really believe that those things must all be done today. . . . On the other hand, when such a thought comes up, if you are able to step back from it and see it clearly, then you will be able to prioritize things and make sensible decisions about what
really does need doing. You will know when to call it quits during the day. So the simple act of recognizing your thoughts as thoughts can free you from the distorted reality they often create and allow for more clear sightedness and a greater sense of manageability in your life.”
     Kabat-Zinn J. “Full catastrophe living. Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness”. Dell Publishing, NY, 1990.

Photo: Lensmate   www.dpreview.com

Thursday 9 February 2012

#39 Observer-self

     We've all experienced moments of profound peace, silence and clarity - sometimes outdoors in nature, holding a loved one, or even at a time of life-threatening danger.

     Mindfulness training involves awakening to, and learning to spend more time - to rest - make ourselves at home in, this dimension of ourselves - "cultivating a certain kind of intimacy with the core of our being" (Jon Kabat-Zinn) - our observer-self.

     “Mindfulness is a key element … to establish a sense of self that is greater than one’s thoughts, feelings, & other private events. By practicing mindfulness … (we) learn to develop an observer-selfperspective, in which (we) can examine previously avoided thoughts & feelings in a nonreactive & nonjudgmental way. Adopting this observer perspective facilitates cognitive defusion, in which (we) learn to notice thoughts without necessarily acting on them, being controlled by them, or believing them.” 

     Dahl J, Lundgren T. “Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the Treatment of Chronic Pain.” in Baer RA ed. “Mindfulness-based treatment approaches: Clinician's guide to evidence base and applications.” Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 2006. 

Photo: LincolnB   www.dpreview.com




Wednesday 8 February 2012

#38 Physical Processing


     Mindfulness practice involves full - not just mental - engagement with reality. We gradually learn to allow ourselves to feel the physical sensations (physical processing) of what's here & now, even when it's uncomfortable, without trying to escape to theories, stories, etc. We become curious about physical reality, and let go of spinning stories about it. (Catastrophizing involves conceptual processing.) Though we're used to avoidance, it doesn't work. Though we're not used to exploring the physical dimensions of discomfort, this mindful, accepting approach works surprisingly well.

     "Approaching the pain itself, wherever it is most prominent in the body, with bare attention, open-heartedness, and alert interest even for very brief moments, if that is all that we can muster in any moment, can be profoundly healing, restorative, and illuminating. And if practiced over days, weeks, and months, potentially it can make a difference in the quality of your life for years and years going forward. What we are talking about is really befriending your experience at the level of the body and at the level of the mind & heart, and seeing what unfolds.”                           Jon Kabat-Zinn
 

       Gardner-Nix, J. “The mindfulness solution to pain. Step-by-step techniques for chronic pain management.” New Harbinger Publications Inc, Oakland CA, 2009.


Photo: Wachanga   www.dpreview.com

Tuesday 7 February 2012

COMMENTS - How to post them

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I'd love to see a lively conversation between intelligent folks, instead of me, me, me ...

#37 Embracing Challenges

     “But the amazing thing, which you can find out only by practicing mindfulness fairly regularly over time, is that paying attention in a particular way to the very sensations, emotions, and thoughts that together constitute the experience of pain – in the present moment and as nonjudgmentally as possible (which may be very judgmental a good deal of the time) – actually has within it the seeds of freedom from suffering. This is totally counterintuitive I know; nonetheless, it seems to be the case…."          Jon Kabat-Zinn
 
       Gardner-Nix, J. “The mindfulness solution to pain. Step-by-step techniques for chronic pain management.” New Harbinger Publications Inc, Oakland CA, 2009.


Photo: Uloo   www.dpreview.com

Monday 6 February 2012

#36 Authenticity


     What key ingredients does a mindful parent use to prepare a meal for a beloved child? Care, patience, skill, and above all, love. 
     During this activity, isn't the parent also enjoying the best possible quality of life as well? Isn't this being authentic?

     “Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls and looks like work.”      Thomas Alva Edison

     “All labor that uplifts humanity has dignity and importance and should be undertaken with painstaking excellence.”          Martin Luther King, Jr. 

Photo: mapeters   www.dpreview.com
 

Sunday 5 February 2012

#35 Reality Titrated

     Seeing things more clearly, with greater awareness, needs to be balanced with greater acceptance. Why? Because we often avoid seeing things as they are.
     Experiential avoidance is defined as "unwillingness to experience feelings, thoughts and sensations, as well as attempts to alter them." We try to avoid facing reality when we're not ready to deal with it. Avoidance strategies are at best only temporarily effective.
     Healthy maturation requires that we progressively come to terms with the way things actually are. Mindfulness practice involves intentionally, non-judgmentally holding in awareness, all that the present holds.

     Mitmansgruber H et al. When you don't like what you feel: Experiential avoidance, mindfulness and meta-emotion in emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences 2009; 46(4): 448-453.
     Chawla N, Ostafin B. Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: an empirical review. J Clin Psychol 2007; 63(9): 871-90.

Photo: Pat Curley   www.dpreview.com