Concentration (focused attention) and open awareness (open monitoring) are the two main types or categories into which all forms of meditation fit. The open awareness form may start with a brief period of concentration, to help settle the "monkey mind".
"Focused Attention:
• Directing and sustaining attention on a selected object (e.g. breath sensation)
• Detecting mind wandering and distractors (e.g. thoughts)
• Disengagement of attention from distractors and shifting of attention back to the selected object
• Cognitive reappraisal of distractor (e.g. ‘just a thought’, ‘it is okay to be distracted’)
• Detecting mind wandering and distractors (e.g. thoughts)
• Disengagement of attention from distractors and shifting of attention back to the selected object
• Cognitive reappraisal of distractor (e.g. ‘just a thought’, ‘it is okay to be distracted’)
Open Monitoring:
• No explicit focus on objects
• Nonreactive meta-cognitive monitoring (e.g. for novices, labeling of experience)
• Nonreactive awareness of automatic cognitive and emotional interpretations of sensory, perceptual and endogenous stimuli"
• No explicit focus on objects
• Nonreactive meta-cognitive monitoring (e.g. for novices, labeling of experience)
• Nonreactive awareness of automatic cognitive and emotional interpretations of sensory, perceptual and endogenous stimuli"
Lutz A, Slagter HA, Dunne JD, Davidson RJ. Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation. Trends Cogn Sci 2008; 12(4): 163-9.
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| Harvard University |
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